英语翻译by levying duties or tariffs on goods and servicesentering their country and,in turn,raising theircost to importers.For example,in Canada,tobaccoproducts are heavily taxed in an effort to curb consumption.Canadian government figures concl

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英语翻译by levying duties or tariffs on goods and servicesentering their country and,in turn,raising theircost to importers.For example,in Canada,tobaccoproducts are heavily taxed in an effort to curb consumption.Canadian government figures concl

英语翻译by levying duties or tariffs on goods and servicesentering their country and,in turn,raising theircost to importers.For example,in Canada,tobaccoproducts are heavily taxed in an effort to curb consumption.Canadian government figures concl
英语翻译
by levying duties or tariffs on goods and services
entering their country and,in turn,raising their
cost to importers.For example,in Canada,tobacco
products are heavily taxed in an effort to curb consumption.
Canadian government figures conclude
that 70 percent of the price of a carton of cigarettes
in Canada is due to the taxation of the product.
The Tobacco Act of 1997 mandates that wherever
cigarettes are sold,there must be information on
the packaging that clearly describes the hazards
associated with the use and the emissions from the
product.This is typically done via graphic pictures
on the package and the store displays.9
Producers of goods within countries also might
face government intervention in pricing through the
establishment of price freezes,price subsidies,floors
or ceilings on prices,or artificial limits for goods
considered as satisfying basic or fundamental needs
of the populace.
A second problem encountered by firms that
vary their pricing procedures according to prices
set by differing markets is that of gray-market exports,
which are situations where individuals take
advantage of a firm’s pricing policies that account
for market variations in demand and acceptable
prices.With gray-market exports,goods are legally
imported from the producing country into another
country,and then are reexported to a third country
where higher prices are charged for the same goods.
Thus,because of the original firm’s pricing differences,
the exporters of the second country can compete
successfully with the MNC in selling its own
goods in foreign markets.These gray markets exist
in many industrialized countries where currencies
are strong and markets for goods are large.In the
United States,for example,gray markets flourish
in foreign-made consumer goods,such as watches
and cameras.
Setting prices can also be affected by legal
constraints in individual countries.In the United
States,under the terms of antitrust laws,price fixing
or the administration of prices is illegal,but legal
restrictions in other nations may differ on prices
administered nationally or internationally.

英语翻译by levying duties or tariffs on goods and servicesentering their country and,in turn,raising theircost to importers.For example,in Canada,tobaccoproducts are heavily taxed in an effort to curb consumption.Canadian government figures concl
通过对进入他们国家商品和服务征收关税,并且提高进口商的成本.
举例说明,在加拿大,烟草产品通过沉重的税负来抑制消费.
加拿大政府领导人断定在加拿大的每盒香烟的价格中,有70%源于对此类产品的税收.
1997年的烟草法案授权,无论烟草在哪里售卖,必须在包装上有清楚的描述此产品在使用和排放物会产生的危害的信息.具有代表性的做法是经由包装上的形象的图片和商店的显示器.
国内的生产商还可能在制定价格上面临政府干预,通过价格冻结的建立,价格补贴,价格波动,或者对那些被认为是满足人们基本需求的产品的人为限制.
那些依据被差异市场的价格而改变他们的定价程序的公司面临的第二个问题是暗盘市场的出口,现状是,个体企业比起一个公司的定价政策在解释市场需求变动和可接受价格范围上占优势.
通过暗盘市场的出口,产品被合法的从产地国进口到另一个国家,然后再出口到第三个国家(这里同样的产品被索要了更高的价格).因此,由于源头企业的定价的不同,第二个出口国家能够通过将自己的产品卖到国外市场而顺利的和跨国公司进行竞争.这些暗盘市场存在与许多货币坚强而且拥有巨大的产品市场的工业化的国家中.举个例子,在美国,暗盘市场在外国生产的日用消费品中很繁荣,比如手表和照相机.
制定价格还会受到不同国家中法律约束的影响.在美国,根据反垄断法的条款,价格垄断或者操控价格是非法的,但是,在其他国家,关于国内或国际间的价格管理的法律限制可能是不同的.

呵呵,你的体温相当有技术含量啊,也可以自己到网上找嘛
通过对进入他们国家商品和服务征收关税,并且提高进口商的成本。
举例说明,在加拿大,烟草产品通过沉重的税负来抑制消费。
加拿大政府领导人断定在加拿大的每盒香烟的价格中,有70%源于对此类产品的税收。
1997年的烟草法案授权,无论烟草在哪里售卖,必须在包装上有清楚的描述此产品在使用和排放物会产生的危害的信息。具有代...

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呵呵,你的体温相当有技术含量啊,也可以自己到网上找嘛
通过对进入他们国家商品和服务征收关税,并且提高进口商的成本。
举例说明,在加拿大,烟草产品通过沉重的税负来抑制消费。
加拿大政府领导人断定在加拿大的每盒香烟的价格中,有70%源于对此类产品的税收。
1997年的烟草法案授权,无论烟草在哪里售卖,必须在包装上有清楚的描述此产品在使用和排放物会产生的危害的信息。具有代表性的做法是经由包装上的形象的图片和商店的显示器。
国内的生产商还可能在制定价格上面临政府干预,通过价格冻结的建立,价格补贴,价格波动,或者对那些被认为是满足人们基本需求的产品的人为限制。
那些依据被差异市场的价格而改变他们的定价程序的公司面临的第二个问题是暗盘市场的出口,现状是,个体企业比起一个公司的定价政策在解释市场需求变动和可接受价格范围上占优势。
通过暗盘市场的出口,产品被合法的从产地国进口到另一个国家,然后再出口到第三个国家(这里同样的产品被索要了更高的价格)。因此,由于源头企业的定价的不同,第二个出口国家能够通过将自己的产品卖到国外市场而顺利的和跨国公司进行竞争。这些暗盘市场存在与许多货币坚强而且拥有巨大的产品市场的工业化的国家中。举个例子,在美国,暗盘市场在外国生产的日用消费品中很繁荣,比如手表和照相机。
制定价格还会受到不同国家中法律约束的影响。在美国,根据反垄断法的条款,价格垄断或者操控价格是非法的,但是,在其他国家,关于国内或国际间的价格管理的法律限制可能是不同的。

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