新目标九年级第九、十、十一单元英语的短语、语法、句子.兔年快乐

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新目标九年级第九、十、十一单元英语的短语、语法、句子.兔年快乐

新目标九年级第九、十、十一单元英语的短语、语法、句子.兔年快乐
新目标九年级第九、十、十一单元英语的短语、语法、句子.兔年快乐

新目标九年级第九、十、十一单元英语的短语、语法、句子.兔年快乐
Unit9
1. 被动语态
(1). 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作承受者.
(2). 被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
(3). 被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化.
一般现在时被动语态为:am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时被动语态为:was/were+ 过去分词
与情态动词连用的被动语态:情态动词+ be + 过去分词
(4). 被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句
末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
如何理解被动语态?
为取胜更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义,可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较.
主动语态: 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分
被动语态: 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分
如: Many people speak English.
被动语态 English is spoken by many people.
2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus
3. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词
4. be used for doing用来做…(是被动语态) 如:
Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的.
Pens aren’t used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的.
5. 给某人某样东西
give sth. to sb. 如:I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔.
give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔.
6. all day 整天
7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐
8. by mistake 错误地 如:
I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞.
9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴
make sb./sth. +名词 让…做… It made me laugh. 它让我发笑
10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop.
我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她.
11. not…until… 直到…才做… 如:
I didn’t go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉.
12. according to +名词 根据… 如: according to an legend
according to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话
13. over an open fire 野饮
14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves
15. nearby adj. 附近的 如: the nearby river
16. fall into 落入 掉进 如:The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里.fall down 摔倒 如:She fell down from her bike.
她从她自行车摔倒了.
17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的后面
如: quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩
very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时,冠词a必须放在它的前面
如: a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩
注:当不与冠词a 连用时,两者可以互用 如:
I am very happy.=== I am quite happy. 我非常高兴.
18. in the way 这样
19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快
pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快
please v. 使高兴 使同意
20. battery—operated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词
21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪
22. travel around 周游
23. more than === over 超过 如: more than 300 == over 300 超过300
24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用
如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了.
25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have /has been +过去分词
26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生
27. safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的
28. knock into 撞上(某人)
29. divide sth. into … 将…划分成..
通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如:
Let’s divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组.
30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如:
Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后,我已经离开了北京.
Unit10
1. 过去完成时
(1) 构成:由助动词had + 过去分词 构成
否定式:had not + 过去分词 缩写形式:hadn’t
(2) 用法:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.
(3) 它所表示的时间是“过去的过去”.
①表示过去某一时间可用by, before 等构成的短语来表示
②也可以用when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来表示
③还可以通过宾语从句或通过上下文暗示.
When I got there, you had already eaten you meal. 当我到达那里时,你已经开始了.
By the time he got here, the bus had left. 到他到达这里时,汽车已经离开了
2. by the time 直到…时候
指从过去某一点到从句所示的时间为止的一段时间 如:
By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.
在我们到达他就已经吃完了晚饭.
3. 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”常用 leave + 地点 ,而不是forget+地点 如:Unluckily, I left my book at home不幸的是,我把书忘在家里了.
4. close v. 关 adv. 接近地 靠近地 closed adj. 关的
5. come out 出来
6. on time 按时 准时 既不早也不迟 in time 及时 指在时限到来之前
7. luckily adv. 幸运地 lucky adj. 幸运的 luck n. 好运
8. give sb. a ride 让某搭便车 如:
He often gives me a ride to school. 他经常让我搭便车去学校.
9.only just 刚刚好、恰好
10. go off (闹钟)闹响 The alarm went off just now. 刚才警钟响了.
11. break down 坏掉
12. fool n. 傻子 呆子 v. 愚弄 欺骗 如: He is a fool. 他是一个呆子.
We can’t fool our teach. 我们不能欺骗我们的教师.(动词)
13. show up 出现 出席 She didn’t show up last night. 昨晚她没有出现
14. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某做事 如:
My friend invited me to watch TV. 我的朋友邀请我看电视.
15. set off 激起 出发 set up 建立
16. ①so … that 如此…以致于
引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词、副词.
②so that作“为了”时,引导目的状语从句,从句常出现情态动词,
作结果状语从句时,从句中一般不用情态动词 .
如:She got up early so that she could catch the bus.
为了能赶上车,她起得很早.(目的状语从句)
She was so sad that she couldn’t say a word.
她悲伤得一句话也说不出来.(结果状语从句)
17. flee from 从…逃跑 避开 如:They fled from their home.
他们从他们的家里逃了出来.
18. thrill v . 使人非常激动,使人非常紧张
thrilled adj. 指某人感到激动或感到紧张
thrilling adj. 指某事物使人心情激动
19. get married 结婚
20. convince v. 使信服 convincing adj. 令人信服的
21. land v. 着落
22. be late for 迟到
23. a piece of 一片/块/张 如: a piece of paper/ bread 一张纸/ 一块面包
重点短语:
1.到…时候by the time +…(句子)…从过去某一点到从句所示时间为止的一段时间,即从句用过去时,主句用过去完成时.
2.(闹钟)闹响go off
3.跑掉;迅速离开run off
4.损坏break down (突然)中断break off
5.(在)愚人节(on) April Fool's Day
6.激起;引 起set off
7.一片,一块a piece of
8.按时on time 及时in time
Section A
1.从…离开去…leave (from)…for …
把某物遗忘在某地leave sth. +介宾短语(表地点的)
忘记某人/某事forget sb /sth.
忘记去作…forget to do …
忘记已作了…forget doing …
2.在洗沐浴get in the shower
3.开始作…start/begin to do …(前后不同的事)start/begin doing …(前后相同的事)
4.我上学从未迟到,但昨天我差点迟到.I 've never been late for school ,but yesterday I came very close.
5.等待(某人)作…wait (for sb )to do …
6.出来;开花come out 实现come ture 从旁而过come by 来自…come/be from…
7.我必须抓紧了.I had to really rush.
8.飞快冲了个 澡take/have a quick shower
9.给/让某人搭便车give/get sb. a ride =give /get a ride to sb.
10.我恰好赶上上课.I only just made it to my class.(此时,指"约定"之意)
SectionB
1.给某人穿衣服dress sb.
穿(…)衣服 be /get dressed (in +衣服)
化装;打扮dress up
2.熬夜stay /sit up (late)
3.给某人看某物show sb .sth.=show sth .to sb.
带某人参观…show sb.around sth.
卖弄…show off…
出席,露面show up
展览 be on show =be on display
4.化妆舞会a costume party
5.在地球着陆land on the earth
6.由演员奥森•威尔斯主 持的广播节目a radio program by actor Orsom Welles
7.遍及全国across the whole country =all over the whole country
8.从…逃跑;避开…flee from…=run away from…(flee过去式为fled )
9.将有…the re will be ….(一般将来时)
there would be …(过去将来时)
10.买尽可能多的意大利面条buy as much spaghetti as they could /possible
11.让某人嫁过某人ask sb .to marry sb.
结婚get married
和…结婚 get /be married with …=marry …
12.停止作…stop doing … 停下某事来作…stop to do …
13.在开学 第一天on the first day of school
14.(向某人)打招呼say hello (to sb.)
15.醒来wake up 叫…醒来wake sb. up
16. 有一个很愉快的结局have a very happy ending
17.失去了他的女朋友和他的观众lose both his girlfriend and his show
Unit11
1.宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语.
①由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
常由下面的一些连接词引导:
②由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里.
③由if , whether 引导 表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼.
④由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
⑤从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里.
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌.
She wants to know if I have finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业.
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态
(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里.
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌.
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业.
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
2. get v. 得到、买、到达
3. make a telephone call 打电话
4. save money 省钱、存钱
5. ①问路常用的句子:
Do you know where …is ?
Can you tell me how can I get to …?
Could you tell me how to get to …?
②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情
③Could you tell me how to get to the park?
请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗?中的how to get to the park
是疑问词与动词不定式连用,用作宾语,但不是宾语从句,可是
相当于how I can get to the park(宾语从句)如:
I don’t know how to solve the problem. ==
I don’t know how I can solve the problem.我不知道如何解决这个问题
Can you tell me when to leave? ==
Can you tell me when I ill leave? 你能告诉我什么时候离开?
6. 日常交际用语:
take the elevator / escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼
turn left / right === take a left / right 向左/ 右转
go past 经过 go straight 向前直走
7. next to 旁边、紧接着 如:Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边.
8. between … and… 在…和…之间
如: Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间.
9. decide to do 决定做… She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐.
decide v. decision n. make a decision 做个决定
10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方
中的to hang out修饰前面名词place,不定式作定语.
如:There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西.中的to eat修饰代词something,作定语.
11. kind of +adj./ adv. 译为“有点、一点”
如: She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞.
12. expensive 贵的 反义词 inexpensive 不贵的
13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的
14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假
15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成..
如:He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas.他想要打扮成圣诞老人.
16. on the beach 在海滩上 的介词用 on
17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的
18. depend on sth / doing / 从句 根据、依靠、依赖、决定于
Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性.
We can’t depend on his answer. 我们不能根据他的回答.
That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事.
19. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿 常用的结构有:
prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语.
prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着.
prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗.
prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着
prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着.
20. on the other hand 另一方面
21.把…借给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth.to sb. 如:
Lily lent me he22. such as
23. I’m sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心.
24. in a way 在某种程度说
25. in order to do 为了做… 表目的 如:
He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
他起早床,是为了赶上头班公共汽车.
26. 等级/同级比较:as…as , not as/so…as
①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
表示“和…一样的…”“…和…一样的…”
如: He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力.
②否定式:not as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
== not so + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as
He doesn’t work as / so hard as we. 他工作没有我们那样努力.
27. hand in 上交
r book. == Lily lent her book to me .莉莉把她的书借给了我.