作业帮2017年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案四
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2017年成人学位英语考试阅读理解强化练习及答案四
Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem-how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the campus's six buildings comfortable.
Some parts of most modern buildings-theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called "heat recovery." A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University's system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it in others.
Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.
1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.
A. was difficult to collect
B. came in a variety of forms
C. was difficult to get rid of
D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects
答案：C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it.Dispose of“处理解决”。
2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown campus?
A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.
B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.
C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.
D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and conventional fuel.
答案：B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何conventional fuel
3.The phrase "even in winter" (in line 8) most nearly means ______.
A. if the winter is especially warm
B. during all of the year except the winter
C. in the winter as well as in other seasons
D. during the evenings in the winter
答案：C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分-戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。
4. The phrase "heat recovery" refers to a ______.
A. method of concealing the source of heat
B. special form of air conditioning
C. supplementary hot water system
D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat
答案：D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词义。
5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST amount of heat?
A. A fat female who studies hard.
B. A thin female who does not study.
C. A fat male who does not study.
D. A thin male who studies hard.
答案：B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量最少。
Education is vital to a nation which holds the reins of economy over the world, so it is to an individual who strives for better livelihood in a highly competitive society like the Americans.
New technology and automation create opportunities as well as challenges to the American people. Machines now take the sweat out of labor, and computers perform tedious mental chores. They have eliminated many of the menial, dirty, or dull jobs, but also entail challenges that can be met only by a better prepared work force. More education and more skill will be the chief requisite for a job.
In the United States, primary schools and high schools offer a broad education to provide a sound foundation in English, mathematics, arts and physical and social sciences. Subordinate to the broad education, both college preparatory and vocational courses are taught under one roof in the comprehensive high schools. Academic, business and technical courses are taught in the 2-year community and junior colleges. Many of their graduates decide they need more schooling and go on to regular colleges and universities. Skill centers in many large cities provide trainings and retraining for youngsters who leave high school and want to qualify for skilled occupations in industries or subprofessional and technical jobs in service fields. Vocational high schools provide “marketable skills” to young men and women who will never go to colleges. Also there are technical institutes under federal sponsorship and a vast range of in-school and on-the-job training programs financed by labor departments and industries.
6.What does better education mean to the American people?
A.Education making them learn how to use modern machines.
B.Education making students be able to communicate with foreigners.
C.Education including English, mathematics, arts, and physical and social sciences.
D.Education making a person get well-paid job.
答案C。见原文第三段第一句。由于当今美国的新技术为从业者带来了更多的挑战，在小学和中学里，开设了一系列的教育课程。C项所述与原文意思相符，故本题的正确答案为C.
7.What have advanced technology and automation done to Americans?
A.Created chances and challenges to the Americans.
B.Forced them to get high position in their work.
C.Made them manage to earn much more money.
D.Given them chances to communicate with foreigners.
答案A。参见原文第二句。新技术的开发为美国人创造了机会，同时也带来了挑战。A项与原文相符，B、C、D 三项所述不符合原文意思。故本题应选A.
8.What courses are available in a comprehensive high schools?
A.Academic courses.
B.Mathematics.
C.Technical courses.
D.Vocational courses.
答案D。见原文第三段第二句。在美国综合性中学里也讲授附属于普及教育的大学预科和职业课程。D项符合原文。
9.What trainings are available to young people who do not go to colleges after they graduate?
A.Trainings in junior colleges.
B.Trainings in skill centers.
C.Trainings in work.
D.Trainings in community colleges.
答案B。见原文第三段第九至十二句。许多离开中学的年轻人想成为企业中熟练工种的或服务行业中次专业和技术工作的合格人才。许多大城市的技术中心为他们提供训练与再训练的机会。B项符合原文。
10.Which of the following is the major requirement for a job?
A.More education.
B.More skill.
C.More chances.
D.Both A) and B).
答案D。见原文第二段最后一句。受过良好教育以及具有较多技能是当今美国人找工作时必须具备的主要条件。D项符合原文;A.B两项有失偏颇;C项与原文不符。
Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do especially in tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come across his desk every day. "It's amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves," he says.
"Resumes(简历)arrive with stains.Some candidates don't bother to spell the company's name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate," Crossley concludes. "If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?"
Can we pay too much attention to details? Absolutely. Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. "To keep from losing the forest for the trees," says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, "we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we are working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else."
Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. "The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time." says Garfield. But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal.This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary. Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake.
Too often we believe what accounts for others' success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇). But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow.
11.According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected_____.
A.because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume
B.because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume
C.because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications
D.because they eliminated their names from the applicants’ list themselves
答案A.答题依据是第一段最后一句话"It's amazing how many candidates to eliminate themselves," ”he say. 和第二段第一句Resumes arrive with stains.前一句是结果，后一句是原因。题干中job applicants，rejected分别与文中candidates，eliminate对应。答案选项中的carelessness与文中stain对应。
12.The word "perfectionists" (Para. 3, Line 1) refers to those who_____.
A.demand others to get everything absolutely right
B.know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances
C.pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives
D.are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do
答案C.答题时首先要依靠上下文。第三段第一句话中的too…to结构是设问：我们会不会对细节过份注重?第二句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they wor toward意思是：以牺牲要做的大事为代价而注重一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事。由此可见Perfectionists(完美主义者)是一种事无巨细一概追求尽善尽美，但往往又失去主要目标的人。后一句To keep from the forest for the trees相当于中文的“只见树木不见森林”，“抓了芝麻丢了西瓜”一类说法。答题时还应搞清这一段在全文语篇发展中所起的承上启下的作用。本文前两段是批评人们粗枝大叶，不拘小节。这一段转而告诫人们不要过于拘泥于小节，吹毛求疵，而应该在注意细节的同时不忘整体。
13.Which of the following is the author's advice to the reader?
A.Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked.
B.Don't forget details when drawing pictures.
C.Be aware of the importance of a task before undertaking it.
D.Careless applicants are not to be trusted.
答案A.推理依据有两处，第一处是第三段第二句话中struggle over little things at the cost of something larger，言下之意是：过于注重细节往往要付出很大代价。另一处是文章最后一段的最后一句话，意思是：只要人们把手头的一件件小事做好就可能得到很大的报偿。根据这两处所述，我们可以推断，作者会这样劝告人们“虽然过于注重细节可能要付出大的代价，但我们还是不应该忽略它们”。
14.The example of the Apollo II moon launch is given to illustrate that _______.
A.minor mistakes can be ignored in achieving major objectives
B.failure is the mother of success
C.adjustments are the key to the successful completion of any work
D.keeping one's goal in mind helps in deciding which details can be overlooked
答案D.首先要考虑作者在第三段的后半部分引用Charles Garfield所说的话We must constantly ask ourselves how the details we're working on fit into the larger picture. If they don't, we should drop them and move to something else(我们必须不断地问自己，当前做的细节小事是否与整体大事相适应。如果不是这样，就应该放下它们，去做别的事)。作者的观点是：人们在做事时应时时注意调整局部与整体的关系。那么，什么是整体?在第四段中，作者以the Apollo II moon launch为例证，具体说明：目标是整体的关键所在，即在做事的过程中不断调整局部与全局的关系是为了最终实现已确定的目标。
15.The best title for this passage would be ________.
A.Don't Be a Perfectionists
B.Importance of Adjustments
C.Details and Major Objectives
D.Hard Work Plus Good Luck
答案C.答案应综合文章前后两部分的内容。前半部分说明粗枝大叶的害处，后半部分说明光注重细节而忽略细节与整体的关系同样是有害的。干扰项A、B内容均太窄，D项是细枝末节，与文章中心思想关联甚少。Passage Four本文介绍了古今世界各地不同的婚俗风情。
When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty(保单), or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.
A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager. In general, the "higher up" the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be settled. In such a case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favour, assuming he or she has a just claim.
Consumers shoud complain in person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of purchase, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.
Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item in question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making general statements. For example, "The left speaker does not work at all and the sound coming out of the right one is unclear" is better than "This stereo(立体声音响)does not work."
The store manager may advise the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly as possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the desired result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’rights.
16.When a consumer finds that his purchase has a fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ______.
A. complain personally to the manager
B. threaten to take the matter to court
C. write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase
D. show some written proof of the purchase to the store
答案D.本题答案在原文第一句中可以找到。它的大意是：当顾客发现他(她)所买的商品有毛病或在其他方面未达到制造商所声称的标准时，第一步就是将保单或其他有助于解决问题的记录这家商店看。所以D“向这家商店出示书面证明”，与原文相符，是正确答案。而A“当面向经理申诉”，是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用，所以它不是此题答案。B“威胁将此事向法庭上诉”是在经理未能解决问题，写信给厂家也未能解决问题时才使用的方法，所以它也不是解决问题的第一步。C“给商店写一封态度强硬的抱怨信”也是在第一步中问题得不到解决时才使用的。所以A.B.C均不是正确答案。
17.If a consumer wants a quick settlement of his problem, it’s better to complain to ______.
A. a shop assistant
B. the store manager
C. the manufacturer
D. a public organization
答案B.此题源于第二段。作者认为许多消费者使用的简单而又常用的办法是直接向商店经理投诉。
18. The most effective complaint can be made by ______.
A. showing the faulty item to the manufacturer
B. explaining exactly what is wrong with the item
C. saying firmly that the item is of poor quality
D. asking politely to change the item
答案B.原文第四段的大意是：当顾客申诉商品有质量问题时，态度要坚定、有礼貌，特别是如果消费者当场演示就能最有效地达到申诉目的。不能当场演示时也要提出比较具体的质量间题。A、C、D三项都是泛泛地说质量差、有毛病，而没能说出该商品哪一个具体的部位有毛病，所以都不是最有效的解决问题的办法。而B项“准确解释商品哪里有问题”与原文相符，是正确答案。
19. The phrase "live up to" (Para. 1, Line 2)in the context means ______.
A. meet the standard of
B. realize the purpose of
C. fulfil the demands of
D. keep the promise of
答案A.live up to所在句子的意思是：“当顾客发现他所购买的商品有毛病或在某种程度上没有达到制造商所声称的标准时，…”。B项“实现(制造商所声称的)目的”，句意不通;C项“满足(制造商所声称的)要求”;D项“履行(制造商所声称的)承诺”，C、D两项均与原文意思不符。而A项“达到(制造商所声称的)标准”正是原文所表达的意思，所以是正确答案。
20. Tthe passage tells us ______.
A. how to settle a consumer's complaint about a faulty item
B. how to make an effective complaint about a faulty item
C. how to avoid buying a faulty item
D. how to deal with complaints from customers
答案B.从全文看，作者向读者推荐了几种申诉伪劣商品的办法，可见作者是站在顾客的立场上的。而A.D两项是站在卖方的立场;C项在文章中未提到，所以它们都不是正确答案。B项“如何有效地申诉有质量问题的商品”与原文意思相符是此题答案。
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